World earthquake science knowledge 6

1. How to Repair Old Houses in a Timely Manner?

To ensure the safety of old houses, regular maintenance is essential. Cracks or signs of wear on walls should be repaired immediately. Earth walls that are prone to weathering and cracking need frequent cleaning. Roof leaks must be fixed quickly, and after heavy rain, water around the house should be drained to prevent long-term damage to the foundation. It's also important to protect wooden beams and columns from insect damage and replace them if any damage is found.

2. What Housing Environments in the Town Are Adverse to Earthquakes?

Houses located under tall buildings, high chimneys, or large billboards are at risk because these structures can collapse during an earthquake. Similarly, areas near high-voltage power lines or transformers can be dangerous due to potential electrical fires. Houses close to factories or storage facilities that handle hazardous materials may suffer from gas leaks or explosions if the buildings are damaged.

3. Which Housing Environments in Rural and Mountainous Areas Are Affected by Earthquakes?

In rural and mountainous regions, homes located at the base of steep cliffs or unstable slopes are vulnerable to landslides. Areas prone to mudslides or near unstable riverbanks are also risky. If the housing environment is not safe, it’s crucial to reinforce the structure or consider evacuation and relocation if necessary.

4. Why Do We Say “Architectural Plan, Earthquake First”?

Statistics show that 90% to 95% of major global earthquake disasters result from building collapses. Whether it’s a home, school, office, or infrastructure like water and power systems, the ability to withstand earthquakes is key to reducing casualties and damage. This principle is reflected in China’s Earthquake Prevention and Mitigation Law, which mandates seismic design standards for all construction projects.

5. Why Does an Earthquake Cause Damage to a House?

The main cause of house damage during an earthquake is seismic force, which is essentially an inertial force. Just as people are thrown forward when a car stops suddenly, buildings experience similar forces from seismic waves. If a house cannot resist this force, it may suffer damage or even collapse, especially in stronger earthquakes.

6. What Factors Affect the Degree of House Damage During an Earthquake?

Several factors influence the extent of damage. The size and proximity of the earthquake, the quality and design of the building, and the soil conditions at the site all play a role. Additionally, local topography can significantly affect how much damage occurs. Understanding these factors helps in better preparing for and mitigating earthquake risks.