Fabric differentiation and identification
The feel of the fabric is an important part of the quality of the fabric used to identify the fabric. Specifically, the feeling of touching the fabric by hand is psychologically responsive. Because of the different varieties of fabrics, the quality is also different, and the feel of the fabric is quite different. The feel has the following aspects:
1 fabric body is crisp and slack; 2 fabric surface is smooth and rough; 3 fabric soft and hard; 4 fabric thin and thick; 5 fabric cold and warm; 6 fabric is irritating to the skin and less pungent feel. For example: the hand touches the silk textile with a cool feeling; the pure wool fabric has a warm feeling; the fine and smooth hand-made cotton fabric is mostly made of high-count yarn; the rough texture is mostly low-yarn fabric.
In addition, people can also use the role of force, stretching by hand, scratching and other actions, and then through the observation of the eye, the feeling of the hand, can judge the elasticity, strength, crease resistance and fiber type of the fabric. But in general, the feel is the most important means of buying fabrics and clothing.
Cotton woven fabric
1. Definition: The cotton woven fabric is made of cotton as a raw material, which is woven by weaving machine, which is made up of warp and weft yarns.
2, cotton fabric is divided into:
1 white cloth: ordinary cloth, fine cloth, coarse cloth, canvas, twill grey cloth, primary color cloth.
2 color cloth: there are vulcanized blue cloth, vulcanized ink cloth, Shilin blue cloth, Shilin gray cloth, color poplin, various colors, and various colors.
3 flower cloth: It is a cloth with various colors and patterns printed and dyed. Such as: plain print, printed twill, printed enamel, printed tribute.
4-color woven fabric: It is a fabric that is dyed by yarn or thread, and then woven on the machine, such as woven cloth, quilt cloth, flannel, thread, decorative cloth, and the like.
3, the characteristics of cotton fabric:
1 Hygroscopicity: Cotton fiber has good hygroscopicity. Under normal conditions, the fiber can absorb water into the surrounding atmosphere, and its moisture content is 8-10%, so it contacts human skin and makes people feel soft. Not stiff. If the humidity of the cotton cloth increases and the ambient temperature is high, the water content in the fiber will all evaporate and disperse, so that the fabric maintains a water balance state, which makes people feel comfortable.
2 Moisturizing property: Because cotton fiber is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, the heat transfer coefficient is extremely low, and because cotton fiber itself has porosity and high elasticity, a large amount of air can be accumulated between fibers, and air is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. Therefore, pure cotton fiber textiles have good moisture retention, and wearing cotton fabrics makes people feel warm.
3 Heat resistance: The cotton fabric has good heat resistance. When the temperature is below 110 °C, it will only cause the water on the fabric to evaporate without damaging the fiber. Therefore, the cotton fabric is worn at normal temperature, and the washing and dyeing are not on the fabric. The effect is thus improved on the washability and durability of the cotton fabric.
4 Alkali resistance: cotton fiber has greater resistance to alkali. Cotton fiber does not break in alkali solution. This property is good for washing after washing, disinfecting impurities, and also for cotton textiles. Dyeing, printing and various processing to produce more new varieties of cotton.
5 Hygiene: Cotton fiber is a natural fiber, its main component is cellulose, and a small amount of waxy substances and nitrogen and pectin. The cotton fabric has been inspected and practiced in many aspects. The fabric is in contact with the skin without any stimulation, and has no negative effect. It is beneficial to the human body for a long time and has good sanitary performance.
Rayon fabric (chemical fiber)
1. Definition: Chemical fiber is a general term for textile fibers obtained by chemical processing using natural polymer materials or synthetic polymer materials.
2. Classification (according to raw materials and production methods):
1 rayon: It is the largest variety of chemical fiber. It is made of natural high molecular substances such as wood, bagasse, reed, soybean, and cheese, which are made of cellulose or protein, and chemically and mechanically processed. For example: artificial cotton, rayon, artificial hair, tiger kapok, rich cotton.
2 Synthetic fiber: Synthetic fiber is a large class of chemical fiber, which is a by-product of the petrochemical industry and the coking industry. For example: polyester, nylon, rayon, vinylon, polypropylene, chlorin, etc. are all synthetic fibers.
Blended fabric:
The blended chemical fiber fabric is a textile product of chemical fiber and other cotton wool, silk, hemp and other natural fiber mixed spinning. For example: polyester cotton cloth, polyester hair huada and so on.
Washing, ironing, collecting and keeping of fabric products:
1, the key parts of clothing should pay attention to the shape, such as shoulders, collars, cuffs, etc., especially the hard collar finished by resin, must be brushed.
2, with a typical style of fabric, should pay attention to protect its unique appearance of the inner compartment, such as lamp core, velveteen and so on. When twisting, put the velvet bread inside, and pull it off when drying, to avoid the deformation of the suede. For jacquard fabrics, do not use a hard brush to scrub hard to prevent yarn breakage.
3, cotton fabrics have good physical and chemical properties, however, it is not suitable to soak in the washing liquid for too long, the exposure time should not be too long, to prevent color damage.
4, cotton fabric is easy to fall off the floating color, to prevent cross-dyeing and coloring when washing, affecting the appearance of the fabric.
Classification of fabrics
First, according to the formation of fabric processing methods
1. Woven fabric refers to a fabric processed with a warp and weft yarn in a shuttle or shuttleless loom. Its cloth has a division of the warp and the weft.
2. Knitted fabric refers to a fabric obtained by using one or a group of yarns as raw materials, and processing by a weft knitting machine or a warp knitting machine to form a coil string.
3. Nonwoven fabric refers to a textile (including a stitch-bonded nonwoven fabric composed of a thread layer) directly composed of a fiber layer without a conventional spinning and weaving process.
Second, according to the yarn structure of the fabric
1. Yarn fabric woven with a single yarn.
2. A fabric in which all the woven fabrics are woven with strands.
3. Half-woven fabric warp yarns are woven with single yarns of strands and weft yarns.
Third, according to the spinning system of the fabric
1. The combed fabric is woven from combed yarn, mostly high-grade fabric.
2. The carded fabric is woven from carded yarn, mainly ordinary mid-range fabrics and industrial fabrics.
Fourth, according to the raw materials used in the yarn
1. A fabric in which pure textile is woven from pure spun yarn. Such as cotton fabrics, wool fabrics, hemp fabrics, silk fabrics, purified fabrics, and the like.
2. A fabric in which a blended fabric is woven from a blended yarn. The naming principle of the blended fabric is: the blending ratio is larger than the previous one, and the blending ratio is small; when the blending ratio is the same, the natural fiber is in the front, the synthetic fiber is in the back, and the rayon is in the end.
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