Classification of elevators
2019-01-23 01:02:25
Different types of elevators are provided depending on the height of the building, the purpose and the amount of passenger flow (or flow of material). The basic classification of elevators is as follows.
1. Passenger elevators classified according to their purpose. Elevators designed for the transport of passengers require perfect safety facilities and certain interior decorations.
Freight elevators, designed primarily for the transport of goods, are usually accompanied by elevators.
Medical elevators, elevators designed to transport sickbeds, stretchers, and medical vehicles, have a long and narrow car.
Miscellaneous elevators, elevators designed for libraries, offices, and hotels to transport books, documents, food, etc.
Sightseeing elevator, transparent car wall, elevator for passengers sightseeing.
Vehicle elevators are used as elevators for loading vehicles.
Ship lifts, elevators used on ships.
Building construction elevator, elevator for construction and maintenance.
Other types of elevators, in addition to the above-mentioned commonly used elevators, there are also some special-purpose elevators such as cold storage elevators, explosion-proof elevators, mine elevators, power station elevators, firefighters' elevators, and the like.
2. According to the drive type, the AC elevator is classified as a driving force using an AC induction motor. According to the drag mode, it can be divided into AC single speed, AC double speed, AC voltage regulation, AC variable voltage frequency control and so on.
DC elevators, elevators with DC motors as driving force. The rated speed of this kind of elevator is generally above 2.00m/s.
Hydraulic elevators generally use an electric pump to drive the flow of liquid and an elevator that lifts the car by a plunger.
The rack and pinion elevators process the guide rails into racks, which are equipped with gears meshing with the racks, and the motors drive the gears to rotate to lift the car.
Screw-type elevator, the plunger of the straight-top elevator is processed into a rectangular thread, and then a large nut with a thrust bearing is installed on the top of the cylinder, and then the motor is rotated by the speed reducer (or belt) to rotate the nut, so that the screw lifts The elevator car is going up or down.
The elevator driven by a linear motor is a linear motor.
At the beginning of the advent of the elevator, the steam engine and the internal combustion engine were used as power to drive the elevator directly. Now it has basically disappeared.
3, according to the speed classification Elevator without strict speed classification, China's customary classification according to the following methods.
Low-speed ladders, often referred to as elevators with speeds below 1.00m/s.
Medium speed ladder, often refers to the speed of 1.00 ~ 2.00m / s elevator.
High-speed ladders, often referred to as elevators with speeds greater than 2.00m/s.
Super speed ladder, elevator with speed exceeding 5.00m/s.
With the continuous development of elevator technology, the speed of elevators is getting higher and higher, and the speed limit of different high, medium and low speed elevators is also correspondingly improved.
4. There is a driver elevator according to whether there is a driver in the elevator or not, and the operating mode of the elevator is performed by a full-time driver.
Without driver lifts, passengers enter the elevator car and press the floor button on the control panel. The elevator automatically runs to the destination floor. This type of elevator generally has a set selection function.
With/without driver lifts, this kind of elevator can change the control circuit and is usually operated by the passengers. If there is a large passenger flow, or if necessary, the driver will change the control.
5, according to the operation control mode classification handle switch operation, the elevator driver in the car control the control panel handle switch, to achieve the elevator start, rise, fall, leveling, stop running state.
Button control elevator: It is a simple automatic control elevator with automatic leveling function. Commonly there are two types of control methods: car button control and car button control.
The signal controls the elevator, which is a kind of elevator with a higher degree of automatic control. In addition to automatic leveling and automatic door opening functions, there are functions such as car command registration, hall call registration, automatic parking, forward stop, and automatic commutation.
Set selection control elevator is a kind of automatic control elevator developed on the basis of signal control. The main difference from signal control is that it can realize driverless operation.
The elevators are controlled in parallel, and the control circuits of 2 to 3 elevators are connected in parallel to carry out logic control. The call button is shared outside the hall and the elevator itself has a set selection function.
Group-controlled elevators use microcomputers to control and dispatch multiple centralized elevators in parallel. Group control has a ladder group of program control, ladder group intelligent control and other forms.
6. Other classification methods are classified according to the location of the engine room, then the organic room is at the top of the hoistway (upper machine room) elevator, the engine room is at the bottom of the hoistway at the bottom (lower room) elevator, and the organic room is inside the hoistway (inorganic room) elevator.
According to the car size classification, the abstract words such as "small" and "very large" are often used.
In addition, there are double-car elevators.
7. Special elevators are inclined elevators. The cars run along the inclined guide rails in the inclined shaft and are the transportation equipment integrating sightseeing and transportation. Especially after moving the houses to the mountains due to the tense land, the inclined elevators developed rapidly.
The three-dimensional parking lot uses elevators, and different types of elevators can be selected according to different parking areas.
Building construction elevator is a kind of machinery that adopts rack and pinion engagement method (including pin gear transmission and chain transmission or steel wire rope lifting) to make the cage move vertically or obliquely to transport personnel or materials. It is mainly used in construction. Construction and maintenance. It can also be used as a long-term vertical transporter for warehouses, docks, docks, tall towers, and high chimneys.
The main parameters refer to the rated load and rated speed.
The rated load Q (kg) is the load on which the elevator is built or the seller guarantees normal operation.
The rated speed v (m/s) is the speed of the car on which the elevator was built and guaranteed by the seller to move normally.
With the massive construction of high-rise buildings, people have to deal with elevators whether they are going to work, visiting the mall, visiting doctors or visiting friends or home life. The number of elevators is increasing, the frequency of use is getting higher and higher, and the safety issues of elevators are getting more and more attention.
How to use the elevator
The following uses a passenger elevator as an example:
1. The elevators are provided with floor doors, car running direction indicators, mathematics display cars, operating position indicator and summoning elevator buttons at each service level station. When the elevator call button is used, press the up button on the upstairs and the down button on the downstairs.
2. When the car arrives, the direction of the floor indicates the direction of movement of the car. When the passenger determines the desired direction and determines that the elevator is normal, he enters the car. Pay attention to the closing of the door and do not stay at the docking entrance between the entrance of the floor and the entrance to the car.
Third, the car has a position display, control panel and switch door button and floor selection button. After entering the car, press the selection button that you want to go to the floor. If the car door is closed immediately, press the close button. The floor lamp of the car floor shows that it has reached the floor and will leave after the car door is opened.
Fourth, the elevator rated load is 13 people, can not overload the operation, when the staff is overloaded, please take the initiative to withdraw.
Fifth, passenger lifts can not often be used as a cargo elevator, absolutely not allowed to ship flammable, explosive goods.
6. When an abnormal phenomenon or failure occurs in an elevator, it should be kept calm. A rescue call can be made to the car and must not be used to open the door. It attempts to escape the car.
7. Passengers are not allowed to rely on car doors and are not allowed to smoke and litter in the car to keep the car clean and sanitary.
8. Passengers must take care of elevator facilities and must not randomly press buttons and chaos doors.
9. Drivers must strictly perform their job responsibilities. During the operation of the elevator, they must not be far from their positions and find faults in a timely manner.
10. The driver is not allowed to use the inspection and emergency stop button as the cancellation call signal prior to normal exercise; it is not allowed to use the inspection speed when the floor and car doors are opened; it is not allowed to open the top door or safety door of the car. It is not allowed to use the inspection speed to transport the long objects. It is not allowed to use the starting and closing of the manual car door as the starting or stopping function of the elevator. It is not allowed to abruptly change the direction during the exercise.
11. The driver should constantly check the operation of the elevator and contact the elevator regularly for maintenance and maintenance records.
12. When the elevator stops use, the driver should stop the car at the base station and disconnect all the switches on the operation panel to close the landing doors. In the event of a power outage notice, lift the elevator in advance.
How elevators work
Both ends of the traction rope are connected with the car and the counterweight, respectively, and are wound around the traction wheel and the guide wheel. The traction motor drives the traction wheel to rotate through the decelerator, and the traction force generated by friction between the traction rope and the traction wheel is , to achieve the lifting movement of the car and the counterweight, to achieve the purpose of transportation. The guide shoes fixed on the car can be lifted and reciprocated along a fixed guide rail installed on the wall of the hoistway of the building to prevent the car from deviating or swinging during operation. The normally closed block brake releases the brake when the motor is working, makes the elevator run, brakes in case of power failure, stops the car from moving up and down, and maintains its stationary state at the designated landing station for personnel and cargo access. The car is a box component that carries passengers or other loads. The counterweight is used to balance car loads and reduce motor power. The compensation device is used to compensate for the tension and weight changes in the movement of the traction rope, so that the load of the traction motor is stable and the car can be accurately stopped. The electrical system realizes the control of the elevator movement and completes the selection of layers, leveling layers, speed measurement and lighting. Instruct the call system to display the direction of movement of the car and the location of the floor at any time. Safety devices ensure safe operation of the elevator.
1. Passenger elevators classified according to their purpose. Elevators designed for the transport of passengers require perfect safety facilities and certain interior decorations.
Freight elevators, designed primarily for the transport of goods, are usually accompanied by elevators.
Medical elevators, elevators designed to transport sickbeds, stretchers, and medical vehicles, have a long and narrow car.
Miscellaneous elevators, elevators designed for libraries, offices, and hotels to transport books, documents, food, etc.
Sightseeing elevator, transparent car wall, elevator for passengers sightseeing.
Vehicle elevators are used as elevators for loading vehicles.
Ship lifts, elevators used on ships.
Building construction elevator, elevator for construction and maintenance.
Other types of elevators, in addition to the above-mentioned commonly used elevators, there are also some special-purpose elevators such as cold storage elevators, explosion-proof elevators, mine elevators, power station elevators, firefighters' elevators, and the like.
2. According to the drive type, the AC elevator is classified as a driving force using an AC induction motor. According to the drag mode, it can be divided into AC single speed, AC double speed, AC voltage regulation, AC variable voltage frequency control and so on.
DC elevators, elevators with DC motors as driving force. The rated speed of this kind of elevator is generally above 2.00m/s.
Hydraulic elevators generally use an electric pump to drive the flow of liquid and an elevator that lifts the car by a plunger.
The rack and pinion elevators process the guide rails into racks, which are equipped with gears meshing with the racks, and the motors drive the gears to rotate to lift the car.
Screw-type elevator, the plunger of the straight-top elevator is processed into a rectangular thread, and then a large nut with a thrust bearing is installed on the top of the cylinder, and then the motor is rotated by the speed reducer (or belt) to rotate the nut, so that the screw lifts The elevator car is going up or down.
The elevator driven by a linear motor is a linear motor.
At the beginning of the advent of the elevator, the steam engine and the internal combustion engine were used as power to drive the elevator directly. Now it has basically disappeared.
3, according to the speed classification Elevator without strict speed classification, China's customary classification according to the following methods.
Low-speed ladders, often referred to as elevators with speeds below 1.00m/s.
Medium speed ladder, often refers to the speed of 1.00 ~ 2.00m / s elevator.
High-speed ladders, often referred to as elevators with speeds greater than 2.00m/s.
Super speed ladder, elevator with speed exceeding 5.00m/s.
With the continuous development of elevator technology, the speed of elevators is getting higher and higher, and the speed limit of different high, medium and low speed elevators is also correspondingly improved.
4. There is a driver elevator according to whether there is a driver in the elevator or not, and the operating mode of the elevator is performed by a full-time driver.
Without driver lifts, passengers enter the elevator car and press the floor button on the control panel. The elevator automatically runs to the destination floor. This type of elevator generally has a set selection function.
With/without driver lifts, this kind of elevator can change the control circuit and is usually operated by the passengers. If there is a large passenger flow, or if necessary, the driver will change the control.
5, according to the operation control mode classification handle switch operation, the elevator driver in the car control the control panel handle switch, to achieve the elevator start, rise, fall, leveling, stop running state.
Button control elevator: It is a simple automatic control elevator with automatic leveling function. Commonly there are two types of control methods: car button control and car button control.
The signal controls the elevator, which is a kind of elevator with a higher degree of automatic control. In addition to automatic leveling and automatic door opening functions, there are functions such as car command registration, hall call registration, automatic parking, forward stop, and automatic commutation.
Set selection control elevator is a kind of automatic control elevator developed on the basis of signal control. The main difference from signal control is that it can realize driverless operation.
The elevators are controlled in parallel, and the control circuits of 2 to 3 elevators are connected in parallel to carry out logic control. The call button is shared outside the hall and the elevator itself has a set selection function.
Group-controlled elevators use microcomputers to control and dispatch multiple centralized elevators in parallel. Group control has a ladder group of program control, ladder group intelligent control and other forms.
6. Other classification methods are classified according to the location of the engine room, then the organic room is at the top of the hoistway (upper machine room) elevator, the engine room is at the bottom of the hoistway at the bottom (lower room) elevator, and the organic room is inside the hoistway (inorganic room) elevator.
According to the car size classification, the abstract words such as "small" and "very large" are often used.
In addition, there are double-car elevators.
7. Special elevators are inclined elevators. The cars run along the inclined guide rails in the inclined shaft and are the transportation equipment integrating sightseeing and transportation. Especially after moving the houses to the mountains due to the tense land, the inclined elevators developed rapidly.
The three-dimensional parking lot uses elevators, and different types of elevators can be selected according to different parking areas.
Building construction elevator is a kind of machinery that adopts rack and pinion engagement method (including pin gear transmission and chain transmission or steel wire rope lifting) to make the cage move vertically or obliquely to transport personnel or materials. It is mainly used in construction. Construction and maintenance. It can also be used as a long-term vertical transporter for warehouses, docks, docks, tall towers, and high chimneys.
The main parameters refer to the rated load and rated speed.
The rated load Q (kg) is the load on which the elevator is built or the seller guarantees normal operation.
The rated speed v (m/s) is the speed of the car on which the elevator was built and guaranteed by the seller to move normally.
With the massive construction of high-rise buildings, people have to deal with elevators whether they are going to work, visiting the mall, visiting doctors or visiting friends or home life. The number of elevators is increasing, the frequency of use is getting higher and higher, and the safety issues of elevators are getting more and more attention.
How to use the elevator
The following uses a passenger elevator as an example:
1. The elevators are provided with floor doors, car running direction indicators, mathematics display cars, operating position indicator and summoning elevator buttons at each service level station. When the elevator call button is used, press the up button on the upstairs and the down button on the downstairs.
2. When the car arrives, the direction of the floor indicates the direction of movement of the car. When the passenger determines the desired direction and determines that the elevator is normal, he enters the car. Pay attention to the closing of the door and do not stay at the docking entrance between the entrance of the floor and the entrance to the car.
Third, the car has a position display, control panel and switch door button and floor selection button. After entering the car, press the selection button that you want to go to the floor. If the car door is closed immediately, press the close button. The floor lamp of the car floor shows that it has reached the floor and will leave after the car door is opened.
Fourth, the elevator rated load is 13 people, can not overload the operation, when the staff is overloaded, please take the initiative to withdraw.
Fifth, passenger lifts can not often be used as a cargo elevator, absolutely not allowed to ship flammable, explosive goods.
6. When an abnormal phenomenon or failure occurs in an elevator, it should be kept calm. A rescue call can be made to the car and must not be used to open the door. It attempts to escape the car.
7. Passengers are not allowed to rely on car doors and are not allowed to smoke and litter in the car to keep the car clean and sanitary.
8. Passengers must take care of elevator facilities and must not randomly press buttons and chaos doors.
9. Drivers must strictly perform their job responsibilities. During the operation of the elevator, they must not be far from their positions and find faults in a timely manner.
10. The driver is not allowed to use the inspection and emergency stop button as the cancellation call signal prior to normal exercise; it is not allowed to use the inspection speed when the floor and car doors are opened; it is not allowed to open the top door or safety door of the car. It is not allowed to use the inspection speed to transport the long objects. It is not allowed to use the starting and closing of the manual car door as the starting or stopping function of the elevator. It is not allowed to abruptly change the direction during the exercise.
11. The driver should constantly check the operation of the elevator and contact the elevator regularly for maintenance and maintenance records.
12. When the elevator stops use, the driver should stop the car at the base station and disconnect all the switches on the operation panel to close the landing doors. In the event of a power outage notice, lift the elevator in advance.
How elevators work
Both ends of the traction rope are connected with the car and the counterweight, respectively, and are wound around the traction wheel and the guide wheel. The traction motor drives the traction wheel to rotate through the decelerator, and the traction force generated by friction between the traction rope and the traction wheel is , to achieve the lifting movement of the car and the counterweight, to achieve the purpose of transportation. The guide shoes fixed on the car can be lifted and reciprocated along a fixed guide rail installed on the wall of the hoistway of the building to prevent the car from deviating or swinging during operation. The normally closed block brake releases the brake when the motor is working, makes the elevator run, brakes in case of power failure, stops the car from moving up and down, and maintains its stationary state at the designated landing station for personnel and cargo access. The car is a box component that carries passengers or other loads. The counterweight is used to balance car loads and reduce motor power. The compensation device is used to compensate for the tension and weight changes in the movement of the traction rope, so that the load of the traction motor is stable and the car can be accurately stopped. The electrical system realizes the control of the elevator movement and completes the selection of layers, leveling layers, speed measurement and lighting. Instruct the call system to display the direction of movement of the car and the location of the floor at any time. Safety devices ensure safe operation of the elevator.
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