Types of Cycling Power Meters

What is a Power Meter? A power meter is a tool that measures the power output of a cyclist. It does this by calculating the force applied to the pedals and the angular velocity, or cadence, which is then expressed in watts (W). Force is typically measured using a strain gauge, which changes its electrical resistance based on the pressure applied to the pedals. The cadence data is provided by a cadence sensor. While the underlying math might be complex, the key takeaway is that power meters help you track your power output at any given moment and over time. This provides crucial data for analyzing performance and planning training sessions, including metrics like maximum power, average power, watts per kilogram, thresholds, and work zones. One of the biggest advantages of training with power data is its instant feedback. Unlike heart rate monitors, which take time to adjust to changes in intensity, power meters provide immediate updates. This makes them particularly useful for short bursts or high-intensity workouts. Additionally, power output is a more objective measure than heart rate, which can fluctuate due to various external factors like temperature, hydration levels, and fatigue. The precision of power meters also allows for highly predictable performance in races or challenging rides. Of course, critics argue that relying on power data can diminish the excitement of competition, but that's a topic for another discussion. Despite these benefits, power meters do have some downsides. The primary drawback is the cost, as quality meters start at several hundred euros. Additionally, you’ll need a basic understanding of cycling science to fully utilize the data, though many training apps and coaches can help bridge this gap. Types of Power Meters The placement of a power meter along the drivetrain determines its type and the data it captures. Generally, the closer to the pedals, the more accurate the measurement, as power loss increases the further away you go. However, reputable brands have ensured that data from different locations is highly reliable and comparable across brands. The margin of error for the power meters discussed here is typically between 1% and 2%, and consistency is key for setting thresholds and training zones. Power meter sensors can be located in several places: - Rear wheel hub - Spiders and chainrings - Crank arms - Bottom brackets - Pedals - Shoes and cleats When choosing a power meter, consider factors like mechanical and electronic compatibility, ease of installation and removal, weight, and budget. Below, we’ll explore the different types of power meters and their unique features. Rear Wheel Hub Power Meters Starting with the rear wheel hub, PowerTap was a pioneer in this category, producing one of the best-selling rear hub power meters for years. These meters are available as complete wheels or just hubs that can be mounted on rims with the same spoke count. Pros: Easy to swap between bikes. Cons: Can't measure each leg separately, and data stops if the wheel is replaced without a gauge. Prices tend to be on the higher side. An example is the PowerTap G3, which offers a combined measurement in the rear hub for both legs. It weighs approximately 325g, about 100g heavier than a standard high-end hub without a power meter, and uses the ANT+ protocol. Spider and Chainring Power Meters Brands like SRM, SRAM, FSA, and Shimano favor placing power meters on the spider or chainring, as seen in the PowerTap C1. Spider-based systems are known for their reliability and accuracy and are favored by professional teams like Specialized and Scott. Pros: High reliability and precision, measures each leg individually. Cons: Limited interchangeability between bikes, as it often requires removing the entire bottom bracket. Prices are on the higher end. An example is the SRAM Quarq DZero, which measures each leg separately and weighs around 150g more than standard models. It supports both ANT+ and Bluetooth protocols. Crank Arm Power Meters Similar to spider systems, crank arm power meters offer similar precision and price points. Brands like 4iiii cater to those on a tighter budget by installing the power meter on a single crank arm and estimating total power output with impressive accuracy. Pros: Affordable models start at €300, easy to install, excellent value for money. The 4iiii adds just 9g. Cons: Only measures one leg, and compatibility is limited to certain crank models. An example is the 4iiii left crank with power meter, which adds just 9g and uses ANT+ and Bluetooth protocols. Bottom Bracket Power Meters In this case, the power meter measures torque within the bottom bracket. Spanish brand Rotor leads in this category with the INpower (single leg) and 2INpower (both legs). Pros: Components are hidden within the bottom bracket for better protection, versions for nearly all bottom bracket types, lightweight, and tracks pedaling performance through 360° crank rotation. Cons: Like spider models, it’s not easily swapped between bikes. Prices are high, but quality is top-notch. Pedal Power Meters Pedal power meters are gaining popularity due to their ease of installation and variety of models. Popular options include the PowerTap P2 (measures both legs), Garmin Vector 3 and 3S (both measure one or two legs), and Favero Assioma UNO and DUO. Prices range from €400 to €800, with higher-end options like Polar Keo Power and Look SRM Exakt. SRM also recently introduced the SRM X-Power, an MTB-specific pedal, though it’s not yet widely available. Pros: Easy to install, interchangeable between bikes, and relatively affordable, especially for single-pedal models. Cons: More exposed to impacts and falls, and not currently available for mountain cleats. Shoe and Cleat Power Meters While prototypes exist for shoe-based power meters, none have hit the market yet. Some models feature sensors in the cleats, but their presence remains minimal in the industry. For more details, check out our video on the Favero Assioma pedals. You can find expert advice and a wide selection of power meters at our Mammoth stores and online at mammothbikes.com. Related Articles and Videos: - Power and Heart Rate for Bicycle Training - Pedal Power Meters: Favero Assioma

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