Polycrystalline diamond composite drills shake the needs of many multinational companies

**Abstract** As a leading comprehensive research university, Sichuan University has identified "Social Service Engineering" as a key initiative under its "Sichuan University (Science and Technology) Technology Leap-forward Action Plan." The university has also established a strategic framework for industry-university-research collaboration, which is based in Sichuan, serves the western region, focuses on regional development, and radiates nationwide. This approach reflects the institution’s commitment to driving technological innovation and fostering economic growth through academic-industry partnerships. In June 2012, a technical team from Dai Bills, a company founded in 1888, traveled to Chengdu. Their purpose was to observe the progress of superhard composite materials led by He Duwei at the Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics of Sichuan University. This multinational corporation, originally from Johannesburg, South Africa, holds nearly 40% of the global diamond mining and trade market. Despite the high cost—$5,000 per day—and the challenging conditions, the company saw significant potential in the technology being developed in Chengdu. According to He Duwei’s projections, this cutting-edge technology, still in its early stages in China, could generate an industrial chain with an annual output value exceeding 10 billion yuan within the next decade. **High-performance composite drill bits are currently heavily imported** He Duwei, who attracted Dai Bills to collaborate, is 45 years old this year. He earned his master’s degree from Sichuan University in 1995 and a doctorate from the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Physics in 1998. Over the years, he has worked internationally before returning to Sichuan University in 2006 as a professor at the Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics. There, he continued his long-term research into superhard composite materials. What exactly is the “superhard composite material” that He Duwei focuses on? Simply put, it's the material used to produce drill bits for underground oil exploration. Currently, China relies heavily on importing high-performance composite drill teeth. While cemented carbide drill bits are inexpensive, their drilling depth is limited to just tens or hundreds of meters. In contrast, polycrystalline diamond (PDC) composite drill bits, which He Duwei calls “industrial teeth,” can penetrate up to 3,000 meters deep. According to him, each imported PDC drill bit costs around 2,000 yuan, and 40–50 of them make up a complete drill assembly for underground excavation. **Building a joint R&D center to boost the development of local enterprises** He Duwei points out that there are about 30 oil and bit drill factories in Chengdu and surrounding areas. The annual demand for PDC drill teeth exceeds 1 billion units domestically, and globally it's more than 20 billion. To meet these growing needs, the High Voltage Science and Technology Laboratory at Sichuan University's Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics has invested nearly 20 million yuan over the past five years to establish an advanced R&D and performance testing platform for high-performance PDC composite drill bits used in oil and gas drilling. In 2010, He Duwei’s lab partnered with Chengdu Bituo Superhard Materials Co., Ltd. to set up a joint R&D center, offering top-tier technical support. “The company’s annual output has now reached 10 million yuan,” said He Duwei. He estimates that the development of this technology will significantly enhance the competitiveness of oil and gas drilling companies in Chengdu and surrounding areas, potentially creating an industrial chain worth over 10 billion yuan within the next ten years. Currently, domestic listed companies and Fortune 500 firms have collaborated with He Duwei to conduct batch trials of PDC drill bits, which have met or exceeded international standards in terms of wear resistance, impact resistance, and thermal stability. These products have been tested in deep oil and gas wells in regions like Chongqing and Qinghai, with positive results. **Testing students hired by multinational companies at high salaries** In 2008, He Duwei’s research caught the attention of Schlumberger, one of the world’s top 500 companies with over a century of history. Interestingly, from 2004 to 2006, He Duwei had worked as a researcher in Schlumberger’s R&D department, focusing on the development of PDC composite drill bits. Later, he returned to China at the invitation of his alma mater. “We have the technical strength, talent, and research environment to develop superhard composite materials comparable to international standards,” he said. Schlumberger’s visit that same year confirmed his success after returning to China. Eventually, the PDC drill bits developed by his lab passed Schlumberger’s tests. One of his master’s students was even hired by the company with an annual salary of $95,000. Over the past five years, He Duwei has led more than 20 projects, securing nearly 20 million yuan in funding and obtaining 10 domestic and international patents. The annual output value of super-hard composite materials developed in collaboration with domestic and foreign enterprises has already surpassed 100 million yuan.

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