If the use of hormones is illegal, the use of antibiotics is even more complex. In the United States, there are currently no clear regulations governing their use, and the issue remains highly controversial. Simply put, there is no law that prohibits farmers or breeders from using antibiotics. After all, just like humans, poultry can get sick and require medical treatment. However, the real question lies in whether the amounts used are excessive, which could be considered "abuse." This is also a concern in China.
Professor Ding Huanzhong from the College of Veterinary Medicine at South China Agricultural University explained, “From the perspective of farming practices and environmental conditions in China, the use of antibiotics is essential. Broilers, for example, are often prone to illness, and certain medications are necessary. American chickens also use antibiotics, according to the Ministry of Agriculture. As long as they are used reasonably and according to prescribed methods, it is acceptable. It is crucial to ensure the withdrawal period, which refers to the time before slaughter when antibiotics must not be used.â€
In the U.S., 80% of antibiotics sold today are used in meat-producing animals such as chickens, pigs, and cattle. However, producers are not required to report how these antibiotics are used. There is no obligation to disclose which animals receive them or in what quantities. This lack of transparency raises concerns about potential misuse.
The U.S. faces multiple contradictions regarding antibiotic use. Some researchers argue for stricter regulation, while large poultry producers oppose such measures. Additionally, poultry farming is overseen by the USDA, while antibiotic use is regulated by the FDA. This division of responsibility creates challenges in implementing consistent policies.
In 1977, the FDA attempted to ban certain antibiotics for agricultural use. However, due to pressure from agricultural interests, the Senate and House Appropriations Committee passed a resolution opposing any such ban. Since then, the FDA has tried to regulate veterinary antibiotic use more closely, including the use of cephalosporins—commonly used in human medicine to treat infections like pneumonia and urinary tract infections.
William Flynn, deputy director of science policy at the FDA’s Veterinary Center, noted that while antibiotic use in humans can be closely monitored through the country's healthcare system, the same is not true for animals. This makes tracking antibiotic use on farms and ranches significantly more difficult.
Currently, the FDA's main focus is on preventing feed manufacturers from selling antibiotics in large quantities without a prescription. In April 2012, the agency recommended banning the use of certain antibiotics to promote animal growth and requiring livestock producers to obtain prescriptions before using specific antibiotics.
Flynn stated that the FDA is taking action as quickly as possible to ensure antibiotics are used cautiously in animals. He described the requirement for meat producers to obtain a prescription before using certain antibiotics as an “important shift†in policy.
According to the Ministry of Agriculture’s regulations, some antibiotics require prescriptions, while others do not. There are detailed rules in this area, though they are not listed here. In general, China’s regulations on antibiotic use are relatively comprehensive, as Professor Ding Huanzhong pointed out.
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