Analysis of the development of bearing sealing technology

The technical summary introduces a newly developed bearing equipped with sealing devices on both sides. These seals serve a dual purpose: to prevent internal lubricant (grease or oil) from leaking out during operation, ensuring the bearing remains properly lubricated, and to block external contaminants such as dust and harmful gases from entering the bearing cavity, thus preventing wear and damage. Common types of seals include rubber or engineering plastic seals, as well as stamped metal seals (also known as dust covers). The design of the sealing ring varies, leading to differences in sealing effectiveness. In non-contact sealing, there is a small gap between the seal and the rotating shaft. A smaller gap improves sealing performance but limits the rotational speed. Conversely, contact sealing involves direct contact between the seal and the shaft. A larger contact area enhances sealing, but again, it restricts the speed of rotation. Therefore, the choice of sealing method depends on the application's specific requirements. The main focus of sealing technology research is to develop appropriate sealing solutions for different working conditions and ensure compatibility between the seal material and the lubricant used. This requires extensive research and development, especially as industries demand more compact, efficient, and durable systems. Sealing devices have been widely adopted in bearings over the past four years, replacing open bearings that previously required additional measures for lubrication and protection. With the growth of industries like food processing, office equipment, and home appliances, there has been a shift toward compact designs that minimize leakage and improve performance. Sealed bearings are now commonly used in deep groove ball bearings and other types of rolling bearings. Globally, Japan's leading bearing companies such as Seiko, Toyo, and Fujitsu have pioneered advancements in sealing technology. Their long history of innovation has led to improvements such as multi-lip seals and non-contact sealing methods. In China, sealed bearings have also seen development, including deep groove ball bearings, water pump bearings, railway tapered roller bearings, and needle roller bearings. However, current Chinese sealed bearings face challenges in design and performance, with issues like poor sealing effectiveness and significant grease leakage. To address these problems, future research will focus on optimizing seal ring structures, developing sealing grooves on inner rings, and improving manufacturing precision. The goal is to enhance sealing life, select materials that are wear-resistant, heat-resistant, and corrosion-resistant, and create seals suitable for high-temperature or hazardous environments. By 2005, the aim is to bring the sealing performance of deep groove ball bearings up to the level of advanced international products from the late 1990s. Additionally, efforts will be made to develop high-temperature sealed bearings for automotive applications and explore new sealing designs for railway bearings.

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