State of dissolved matter in natural water
First, the aqueous solution
Natural water is pure. Water is a good "solvent" because of its ability to dissolve water. In nature, water from different sources contains different substances. These substances dissolved in water are called "solute".
The substances dissolved in the natural water form the following three solution states in water according to the particle size of the solute.
(1) Suspension. Particles of suspended matter having a particle size larger than 1 cm - 1 mm are suspended in water, such as insoluble matter such as sediment, clay, algae, or bacteria. The presence of suspended matter makes the natural water color, turbid or odorous, and some bacteria can cause disease. When the average diameter of the particles in the dispersed state in the aqueous solution is greater than 0.2 t.m, it is called the suspended particle state system, which is different from the colloidal solution in instability, when the suspension is left for a long time, the suspended particles are suspended. When the density is different from the water density, it will precipitate or float.
(2) Colloidal solution. A colloidal substance having a particle size of from 1 to 100 nm is a colloidal substance in water. Among them, the inorganic colloid is mainly secondary earth minerals and various hydrous oxides; the organic colloid is mainly humic acid. Glue: There is a surface boundary between the "solute" and "solvent" of the bulk solution. The colloidal solution is a two-phase system solution.
(3) True solution. A substance whose dissolved substance has a particle size of less than 1 run, a dissolved state of a component or ion in water, including various salts, gases, and certain organic compounds. The "solute" particle size in the true solution state is less than 0.1. rtm is in a molecular or ionic state. The true solution is in equilibrium, and the properties of each part in the solution are the same, such as mineral salts dissolved in water. Certain organic compounds, gases. The true solution is a single phase system solution.
The dissolution of salts and alkalis in water is as follows:
1) Potassium, sodium and strontium compounds are soluble in water
2) Nitrate can be dissolved in water.
3) Chloride is soluble in water except for silver, mercury, and lead (slightly soluble).
4) Sulfate is soluble in water except for bismuth, lead and calcium (slightly soluble).
5) Carbonate is insoluble in water except potassium, sodium and money.
6) Oxides and hydroxides are insoluble in water except potassium, sodium, rubidium and cesium; calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble in water.
7) Colloidal substances such as iron, aluminum, silicon oxides and hydroxides can be dissolved in water, the solubility is related to the pH value of water, and the classification of impurities in water is shown in Table 1-
Suspended particles in aqueous solutions are generally observed directly, and colloidal materials are observed under high power microscopes. The three solution states that are actually present in natural water are generally present at the same time.
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