Performance and application range of several new roofing waterproof materials
The base layer typically consists of either cast-in-place or precast concrete slabs, along with a cement mortar screed. In some cases, in-situ foamed polyurethane is used as both a waterproofing and insulation layer, while in others, it serves as one of the waterproof layers.
1. Rigid Foamed Polyurethane
Rigid foamed polyurethane is commonly used in roofing systems to provide both waterproofing and thermal insulation. This material offers excellent performance characteristics and is suitable for a wide range of applications.
1.1 Performance Characteristics
Among all building insulation materials, foamed polyurethane has the lowest thermal conductivity at 0.033 W/(m·K). It features a high closed-cell ratio of over 92%, creating a smooth, water-repellent surface. With a compressive strength greater than 150 MPa at a density of 40 kg/m³, it also exhibits good elasticity, with an elongation of about 10%. It adheres well to various substrates such as metal, concrete, masonry, wood, and glass.
1.2 Application Methods
Rigid foamed polyurethane can be applied using on-site spray foaming or prefabricated composite panels. Spray foaming involves mixing two components during application, which react immediately to form the foam. This method is ideal for large-scale projects. When field foaming is not feasible, prefabricated boards can be used, and gaps can be filled with a foaming gun for effective results.
1.3 Application Scope
Rigid foamed polyurethane is widely used in various roofing systems. It is often combined with other waterproofing materials, acting as a thermal insulation layer beneath waterproof membranes or coatings. For sloped roofs, it is applied directly onto the base concrete before tile installation. However, due to its poor UV resistance, a protective layer must be added on top. In flat roof projects, it can be integrated with other waterproof materials, placed beneath the main waterproof layer. Using rigid foamed polyurethane in structurally sloped roofs is an effective solution for insulation challenges.
2. Biaxially Stretched PVC Sheet
Biaxial stretching enhances the physical properties of PVC sheets by reorienting their molecular structure. This process increases cohesion and improves mechanical performance. A UV-resistant layer is co-extruded with the PVC layer, ensuring uniform coverage and integration. As a result, this material becomes durable, high-quality, and suitable for long-term use.
2.1 Performance Features
It offers exceptional impact resistance (up to 1200 kJ/m²), far exceeding standard PVC sheets. It can withstand ice impacts, heavy sandbags, and extreme temperatures down to -30°C. Its light transmission remains stable over time, and it resists corrosion, UV radiation, and chemical agents. It also has good flame retardancy, making it a safe choice for construction.
2.2 Main Dimensions
The thickness ranges from 0.6 mm to 2 mm, and the width is approximately 1.1 m. Lengths can be customized up to 22 meters depending on project needs.
2.3 Application Areas
Biaxially stretched PVC sheets are used in large public buildings, industrial plants, greenhouses, and shelters. They are also suitable for indoor partitions, soundproof walls, safety hoods, and structural barriers. Their versatility makes them ideal for both exterior and interior applications.
3. Co-Extruded Sandwich PVC Foam Board
These boards are gaining popularity in China due to their lightweight, durability, and aesthetic appeal. Available in various shapes and colors, they are ideal for sloped roofs and architectural finishes. Their design mimics traditional materials like asbestos tiles or European-style tiles.
3.1 Performance Characteristics
These boards are lightweight, flexible, and resistant to impact and weathering. They can be easily cut, nailed, or molded. They offer insulation, fire resistance, and easy installation. Their performance includes excellent weathering resistance, corrosion resistance, and UV protection.
3.2 Application Range
They are used for sloped roofs in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. They also serve as decorative elements for interior and exterior walls. Thickness ranges from 2 mm to 20 mm, with widths between 880 mm and 1040 mm. Colors can be customized during production or after extrusion.
4. Color-Coated Profiled Steel Sheets
These steel sheets are produced with a pre-coated finish, offering superior aesthetics, durability, and corrosion resistance. They are used in both roofing and wall cladding, especially in large industrial structures.
4.1 Key Properties
Light weight, long service life (15–30 years), and high construction efficiency. They resist heat, cold, and UV exposure. Their color retention is excellent, and they can be easily installed using screws.
4.2 Usage Scenarios
Ideal for large-span factory buildings, warehouses, and mobile homes. They are often used in combination with insulation materials for enhanced performance.
5. Polycarbonate Panels
Polycarbonate sheets are popular for their transparency, impact resistance, and versatility. They are used in both roofing and interior design, providing natural lighting and energy efficiency.
5.1 Performance Features
Lightweight, strong, and resistant to UV and temperature extremes. They have good thermal and acoustic insulation properties and can be easily bent or shaped.
5.2 Application Fields
Used in greenhouses, public facilities, and architectural facades. They are also suitable for curtain walls, partitions, and signage.
6. Insulated Waterproof Panel
These panels are manufactured in factories and can be painted for aesthetic purposes. They consist of a steel frame, waterproof layer, insulation, and reinforcing fibers. They are ideal for both small and large-span roofs.
6.1 Performance Characteristics
With a thickness of 80–150 mm, these panels provide excellent insulation and waterproofing. They are suitable for grid structures and large-span steel trusses.
6.2 Application Scope
Used in grid structures and large-span roofs. They are evolving into multi-functional materials, combining waterproofing, decoration, and functionality.
7. U-Shape Glass Panels
U-shaped glass panels are a modern architectural material known for their light transmission, insulation, and strength. They are widely used in foreign countries and are becoming popular in China.
7.1 Performance Features
Available in different types based on strength, surface texture, and color. They are made from recycled materials and offer environmental benefits. Thickness is 6 mm, with varying wing widths.
7.2 Application Areas
Used for roofs, walls, and partitions. They can be installed vertically, horizontally, or at angles, making them versatile for various architectural designs.
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