Field management measures for summer flooding crops in Sihong, Jiangsu
Since the middle and late July, the agricultural technicians in Sihong County have used the method of distributing the summer crops and crops to understand the paper, publicizing the field management measures on the radio station, and in-depth field guidance on the field, taking the guidance of the seedling system and the classification as the main line to lead the call. The majority of the peasants in the county, when grabbing the farmer, timely replenished and replanted the heavier fields in the early stage, and did a good job in field management guidance. As of the end of July, the replanting of summer planting crops totaled 287,000 mu, including 142,000 mu of rice, 134,000 mu of corn, 0.73 million mu of soybeans and 0.3 million mu of hawthorn; a small number of soybeans or rice fields that were seriously affected by alfalfa were replanted. Corn, the county's summer crops have been rehabilitated and achieved decisive results. It is necessary to propose some measures for the recent field management of major summer crops for reference.
1. Rice field management
According to recent surveys conducted by county seedlings and plant protection personnel on the county seedlings, the average total stem number of hand-planted and machine-planted rice is 17.2~285,000, and the average total stem number of live rice is 25.5~345,000. The average total number of stems per mu in rice is more than 300,000 fields. It is necessary to properly bake the fields and reduce the inefficient tillers. The average total number of stems below 250,000 is to be applied to the fertilizers to promote effective tillering. According to the instructions of the provincial plant protection department, this year's rice planthopper, stem borer, rice leaf roller, stripe disease, and black-streaked dwarf disease are the key points for rice pest control in Huaibei, and attention should be paid to rice field prediction and prevention.
2, corn field management
Corn enters the jointing and booting stage, that is, the big bell stage, which is sensitive to water, and the plant needs a large amount of water. Water shortage leads to poor fertilization, premature senescence of leaves, and decreased photosynthesis and nutrient transport capacity. Therefore, when the relative water content of the soil is less than 70%, it is necessary to timely water the water to avoid the drought and reduce production. In case of rainstorms, it is necessary to drain in time, especially during the grouting, it is necessary to pay attention to flood control and drainage. At the same time, the panicle fertilizer should be applied in the big bell stage to ensure the growth of the plant, promote the development of the ear, promote the differentiation of the floret, and increase the number of fruit. Fertilization should be based on nitrogen fertilizer, and 25~30 kg of urea should be applied per mu. The toxic soil or granules mixed with soluble "Bataan powder" plus fine soil or cinder powder during the big bell period can be effectively prevented from corn mites by sprinkling them into corn heart leaves.
3. Soybean field management
At this stage, soybean is in the most prosperous flowering and pod-forming stage. In this period, flowering pod fertilizer should be applied reasonably to meet the needs of soybean flowering and pod formation, and to promote more flowering and multi-pod. The fertilization method is 5~10 kg of urea per acre. If the soil is fertile and the plant grows robustly, it may be applied less or not, so as not to cause the plants to grow wild, causing lodging or increasing the loss of the pods. Flowering and pod-forming period is a critical period for soybean water demand. If the soil moisture in this period is insufficient, it must be watered in time. At this time, the effect of watering to increase production is very obvious. If there is too much rain, poor drainage, and long-term saturation of soil moisture, it will also cause a lot of flower pods to fall off. Therefore, attention should be paid to clearing the ditch drainage, reducing the groundwater level, preventing the damage and keeping the soil in good permeability. In addition, it should be noted that in early August each year, it is generally a high incidence period of soybean heartworm, and special attention should be paid to prevention and treatment.
4, peanut field management
Peanuts are in the stage of flowering and pod formation. At this time, the growth of the peanut group plants reaches the peak stage, and the effective flowers in the early stage are fertilized and put into the soil. Its growth and development are transferred to the stage of reproductive growth, and the demand for water and fertilizer reaches the highest peak. The soil moisture is lower than 50% of the maximum water holding capacity, flowering and fertilization is not normal, and even flowering is interrupted; lack of fertilizer (especially phosphate fertilizer) affects physiological metabolism, leading to premature senescence of plants and reduced effective flowering in the early stage. Therefore, based on the seedlings, the topdressing and watering should be carried out according to the soil fertility and water conditions, so that the soil water content is maintained between 60% and 70% of the maximum water holding capacity, ensuring sufficient N, P and K nutrients in the soil. To achieve the purpose of flowering and more flowers. In the pod-forming stage, cotton bollworms, cockroaches and other pests are more likely to occur, and attention should be paid to the investigation of insects and timely prevention and control.
5, Hawthorn field management
It is currently the period of root enlargement of Hawthorn, and it is also an important period of high yield of Hawthorn. Therefore, in order to strive for high quality and high yield of hawthorn, field management should be strengthened according to the growth characteristics and requirements of the root enlargement period.
Application of cracking fertilizer: The expansion period of the roots of hawthorn is generally started from the middle of August, and cracks occur between the rows due to the expansion of the block. The application of the cracked fertilizer should be based on the application of potassium and nitrogen fertilizers. Generally, 3% to 5% potassium sulfate or 15% to 20% of the ash leaching solution or 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is used for filling. 100~150 kg. It can also be applied with 4 kg of urea per acre plus 5 kg of potassium sulphate and 100 kg of water, or 150 kg of ash water per mu.
It is strictly forbidden to turn over the vines: the hawthorn is strictly forbidden to turn over the vines during the expansion period of the vines, because the vines not only reduce the photosynthesis of the leaves, but also reduce the accumulation of nutrients, and the damage of the stems and vines also affects the weight gain of the potato pieces. For the growing potato field, the method of vine tip or light vine can be used.
Foliar spray fertilizer: Foliar spray fertilizer should be determined according to the seedlings. For the field with premature aging, 0.5% urea solution should be sprayed; for the field where the leaf vine grows prosperously, 0.2% potassium sulfate should be sprayed. And 5% grass wood ash leaching solution; general field can spray 0.4%~0.5% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture, 75~100 kg of fertilizer spray per acre.
Dry-casting rafts: If there is no rain for 10-15 days, timely irrigation or sprinkler irrigation should be carried out to ensure the normal needs of the expansion of potato stalks. However, it is not advisable to water the water within 20 days before harvest to prevent the moisture content of the potato pieces from being too high, so as not to reduce the storability of the potato pieces. In case of autumn, it is necessary to clear the ditch in time to prevent the roots from rot.
Pest control: pests include Spodoptera litura, leaf-rolling insects, hawk moth, and bridge-building worms, especially the hawk moth, the third-generation larvae at the beginning of the first half of August, when the small hole appeared in the stem tip of the hawthorn Control period. Water can be sprayed with 100 grams of 50% methamidophos EC. It can also kill 50 grams of enemy or 100% of dichlorvos with 100 grams of water and 50 kilograms of water to prevent the damage of the hawksbill, the Spodoptera litura, and the bridge worm.
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