In July of this year, the average rainfall in Yantai City reached 467.1 mm, which is 305.1 mm higher than the normal level. The sunshine hours during this period ranged from 76 to 150 hours, representing a decrease of 67 to 110 hours compared to the same time last year. July marks the critical stage of pod formation and leaf senescence for peanuts in Yantai. Prolonged rainy weather can significantly affect the growth of peanut fields, impacting flower production, pod development, and ultimately the yield.
During recent field inspections, several issues were identified in the growth of local peanuts. First, most peanut plants have grown taller than 50 cm, showing signs of excessive elongation. If not controlled, this could lead to lodging later on, resulting in significant yield losses. Second, the development of peanut pods is uneven due to insufficient light exposure and inadequate nutrient supply after the pegs are embedded in the soil. This can lead to underdeveloped pods and reduced economic returns. Third, some fields show lighter green leaves, likely caused by root damage or early-stage nutrient deficiency. Without proper nutrient support, this may result in premature leaf drop and plant aging. Fourth, the incidence of leaf spot and brown spot diseases has increased, posing a serious threat to crop health.
To address these challenges, the following measures are recommended:
First, ensure effective field drainage. Given the heavy rains this year, it's essential to improve the drainage system to prevent waterlogging and reduce the risk of root rot.
Second, implement chemical control and prevention strategies. Apply foliar sprays at a rate of 40–50 g per mu (2.0–2.5 g active ingredient) or 20–25 g per acre, mixed with 35–40 kg of water. Ensure even spraying and avoid over-application or runoff.
Third, monitor and manage pests and diseases promptly. After rain, high humidity creates favorable conditions for fungal diseases like rhizome rot, leaf spot, and rust. Use appropriate fungicides such as carbendazim (200–300 times dilution), chlorothalonil (600–700 times), or difenoconazole (1500 times). Spray every 10 days to control leaf spot disease. For underground pests, use insecticidal lamps where possible, or apply 48% chlorpyrifos (250–300 ml per mu) or 50% phoxim granules (0.3–0.4 kg per mu).
Fourth, combine pest management with foliar fertilization to prevent early aging. Mix 120–150 g of urea, 350–400 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 70–80 g of 75% chlorothalonil WP in 35–40 kg of water. Spray every 10–15 days to extend leaf lifespan and reduce disease impact.
Source: Yantai Experimental Station, Yantai City Agricultural Technology Station.
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