Using diamonds to detect magnetic anomalies, the United States invented quantum navigation technology
The GPS system is a satellite navigation and positioning system established and promoted by the United States. It plays a key role in the US military equipment. Once the navigation system is lost, the US military is likely to be unable to fight, but the cost and technical barriers to interference with this equipment are Very low, once a certain area is disturbed by large-scale, the US military is likely to face the embarrassment of not adapting to the complex electromagnetic environment and being defeated by low-tech opponents.
And now Lockheed Martin's engineer Di Mario says he and his team may have a solution: quantum sensors.
Figure 1 Di Mario's plan
For nearly five years, Di Mario's team has been making a prototype of the device: a cylinder about one foot long and six inches in diameter, containing a synthetic diamond cube slightly larger than the salt crystal, the diamond containing special impurities; In the cubic lattice of carbon atoms, carbon is accidentally missing, and its neighborhood is a nitrogen atom. These so-called nitrogen vacancy centers form a molecular-like duo inside the diamond and proved to be an excellent magnetic sensor. When the green laser illuminates the diamond, the center of the nitrogen vacancy emits red light. Due to the influence of quantum mechanics, the diamond emits more or less light according to the magnetic field it is in.
Di Mario uses diamonds to detect unique ripples and distortions in the Earth's magnetic field called magnetic anomalies. Once an anomaly is identified, it can be used as a reference point for navigation. Di Mario said that at present, ships and aircraft generally do not use magnetic anomalies for navigation, because most magnetic sensors can only measure the field strength, but not the direction in which the field is pointed. But his team's equipment can measure both, and the device doesn't need to communicate with satellites, so the quantum sensor won't be disturbed or attacked.
Figure 2 Loma equipment
So far, Di Mario and his team have tested the sensor's navigation capabilities in motion on cars and ships. Currently, Di Mario wants to shrink the cylinder that loads the device to the size of the golf ball so that it can be mounted on any device.
Di Mario and his team are not the only ones to bet on quantum navigation. The physicist Hansen is working on a quantum gyroscope for inductive magnetic rotation in the laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Colorado. For example, pilots currently use gyroscopes to maintain aircraft levels, while autonomous vehicles use them for navigation. But gyroscope drifts continue to increase over time, and pilots must reset the gyroscope once a second. This is a largely automated process, and quantum gyroscopes may be more reliable because they don't drift at all. Their basic components are atoms that do not distort over time.
Figure 3 Magnetic field changes measured by quantum navigators
Hansen's equipment is mounted on the desktop and is the size of two stacked mini boxes. Inside is a glass room, smaller than a candy bar, containing 8 million helium atoms. Lasers manipulate atoms, which behave more like waves colliding in ponds rather than discrete particles. The collision creates a ripple pattern that looks like a bunch of stripes when imaged. If the chamber rotates, the stripes will also rotate. The number of stripes tells you how much the rotation is; and the change in pattern even reveals the strength of the Earth's gravitational field. Hansen said that in general, this rotation information and ground stadium measurements can also be used as navigation tools.
Once the US military solves the GPS bottleneck, it can greatly enhance its combat capability in complex electromagnetic environments.
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