The concept and significance of the tool's ice-cooling process

It is well known that the cold treatment process for **tools** involves lowering the martensite transformation end point below 0°C. After quenching, the microstructure contains a significant amount of retained austenite, which needs to be transformed into martensite for optimal performance. To achieve this, the quenched workpiece is placed in a cold medium or chiller to continue the cooling process. The temperature used for cold treatment should be carefully chosen based on the steel’s chemical composition, specifically its Mf (martensite finish) temperature. For most steels, a mixture of dry ice and alcohol at -78°C is sufficient. It's crucial to perform the cold treatment immediately after quenching to avoid the stabilization of retained austenite due to prolonged exposure, which could reduce the effectiveness of the process. For complex-shaped components, precautions are taken to prevent cracking during cold treatment. In such cases, a pre-tempering step may be necessary before cold treatment. Additionally, for parts requiring high dimensional stability—like thread gauges—it is common to perform two rounds of cold treatment. After cold treatment, the workpiece must be tempered or aged to relieve internal stresses and stabilize the newly formed martensite structure. During the cold treatment, the workpiece doesn't need to remain warm. Once the core reaches the temperature of the cold medium—typically within 1 to 2 hours—the process can be completed. Afterward, the part is removed from the cold medium and slowly brought back to room temperature in air before tempering. The typical temperature range for cold treatment lies between -70°C and -80°C, with the exact temperature determined by the MS (martensite start) and Mf temperatures of the steel, as well as the specific technical requirements of the component. The lower the temperature isn’t always better; it should be set to meet the functional needs of the part. Low-carbon alloy carburized steels are commonly treated at -70°C to -80°C. The cold treatment process offers significant value. Machines that go through this process exhibit superior performance compared to those that don’t. For example, air turbo refrigerators operate based on the principle of compressed air expansion and refrigeration. Their advantages include fast cooling, environmental friendliness (using only compressed air), a wide operating temperature range without frost formation, and modular design that allows for easy upgrades. Plus, they are user-friendly and require minimal maintenance. The cold treatment process for **tools** is scientifically designed according to the steel's chemical composition. These advanced techniques are widely applied in **tools**, measuring instruments, and precision equipment. Not only do they enhance the value of the products, but they also significantly boost production efficiency and performance.

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