Watercress planting technology
Watercress: Also known as watercress, it is a cruciferous family and is a biennial aquatic herb. Watercress is mainly cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other places in China. Among them, Guangdong has the longest cultivation history and the largest cultivation area.
What should I pay attention to in the cultivation of watercress?
Watercress planting technology one. Planting
Western vegetables are mostly vegetatively propagated for ramets and cuttings. The nodes are rooted and live fast. The row spacing of the inserted plants is 6cm×9cm. After one month, the seedlings grow 15~20cm. When the stems are thick, they can be planted by ramets. After planting, keep a certain water level or damp state to facilitate germination and rooting. If the temperature exceeds 30 ° C, cool water should be poured in the afternoon to avoid scalding the sprouts. After the plants grow up, the water level can deepen the water level according to the requirements of the garden landscape. In the growing season, weeds should be removed in time, and combined with weeding and applied fertilizer 1 or 2 times.
Watercress planting technology II. Living habit
Watercress is cold and humid, and it has strict requirements on temperature, moisture, light and soil.
1. Requirements for temperature. Watercress likes to be cold, cold-resistant and not heat-resistant. Generally planted in autumn, harvested in winter and spring. The optimum temperature for the growth of watercress is 15-25 °C. It grows rapidly at around 20 °C and has good quality. Slow growth below 10 °C, easy to freeze below 0 °C, difficult to grow above 30 °C, continuous high temperature, easy to die
2. Requirements for moisture. Watercress requires shallow water and humid air, and requires a shallow water of 5-7 cm depth during the growing season. The water layer is too deep, the plant is easy to grow, the roots are uncertain, and the stems and leaves turn yellow. The water layer is too shallow, and the new stem is easy to age, affecting the yield and quality. The suitable relative humidity of the water in the growing season is 75-85%.
3. Requirements for lighting conditions. Watercress likes light. The growth period requires plenty of sunlight for photosynthesis and increased yield and quality. If the light is not enough during the growing season, or if the planting is too dense, the stems and leaves grow thin, reducing yield and quality.
4. Requirements for soil conditions. Watercress can be grown in a variety of soils, with clay loam and loam most suitable. The cultivated layer is required to be 10-12 cm or more, the soil is neutral, and the pH value is optimally 6.5-7.5, which is not suitable for continuous cropping.
Watercress planting technology three. Cultivation Techniques
Watercress can be planted in various soils, and it is suitable for clay loam and loam. The cultivated layer is 10-12cm deep and moderately soil (pH 6.5-7.5). Pay attention to the rotation, and combine the application of base fertilizer before the cultivation to plow the soil.
Watercress is mainly propagated with tender stems. If you use seeds to breed, you need to raise seedlings first. The South China region was planted in August and kept moist during the seedling stage. After the seedling height of 15-20 cm in September, the young stems can be transplanted, and the plant spacing is 3×10 cm. When planting, the base of the seedlings should be buried in the soil.
The growth cycle of watercress is very short, and it takes about 20-30 days from colonization to harvesting. Good growth at 15-25 °C, rapid growth at around 20 °C and good quality; slow growth below 10 °C, can endure short-term frost; difficult to grow above 30 °C, prone to disease. The base fertilizer must be sufficient, generally not topdressing. If there is no base fertilizer, it can be topdressed once after planting. As the plant grows, the water layer is deepened to maintain a water depth of 5-7 cm during the growth period. The water layer is too deep, the plant is easy to grow, the number of roots is uncertain, the stems and leaves turn yellow; the water layer is too shallow, the new stems are easy to age, affecting yield and quality. The watery vegetables are light, the light is insufficient or the planting is too dense, and the stems and leaves are weak. At the time of harvesting, seedlings of 1-4 seedlings are used for breeding.
The cultivation of watercress should pay special attention to temperature and humidity, and control can increase production.
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